- "Real" random numbers: use a physical source of randomness
- Pseudo-random numbers: deterministic sequence that passes tests of
randomness - Quasi-random numbers: well distributed (low discrepancy) points
to low-discrepancy sequence and has diagrams that point out the difference.
"Real" random numbers are often used in cryptographic applications, and
pseudo-random numbers are used all over the place in simulations and
games.
random.org has a good overview for the other two types:
Characteristic | Pseudo-random | Real-random |
---|---|---|
Efficiency | Excellent | Poor |
Determinism | Deterministic | Non-deterministic |
Periodicity | Periodic | Aperiodic |
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